Moscow Mathematical Journal № 3/2025

The Moscow Mathematical Journal (MMJ) is an international quarterly published (paper and electronic) by the Independent University of Moscow, together with the Mathematical Department of the Higher School of Econonics and Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education, and distributed worldwide by the American Mathematical Society. MMJ presents highest quality research and research-expository papers in mathematics from all over the world. Its purpose is to bring together different branches of our science and to achieve the broadest possible outlook on mathematics, characteristic of the Moscow mathematical school in general and of the Independent University of Moscow in particular.